بادی پرشیا ارائه برنامه تمرین وتغذیه معرفی مکمل ارزان
نوشته های مرتبط
بازدیدها: 4746
هورمون سوماتواستاتين
نام لاتین: OCTREOTIDE گروه دارویی: هورمون سوماتواستاتين گروه شیمیایی: آنالوگ هورمونى
مکانیسم اثر
هورمون سوماتواستاتين داراى اثرات مختلفى است از جمله کاهش ترشح هورمون رشد، گلوکاگون، انسولين، سروتونين و VIP؛ همچنين باعث افزايش زمان توقف روده‌اى مي‌شود.
سوماتواستاتین یا هورمون مهارکننده هورمون رشد (GHIH)، با تاثیر بر گیرنده‌های خود در هیپوفیز موجب مهار ترشح هورمون رشد و هورمون محرکه تیروئید میشود. هم‌چنین در دستگاه گوارش موجب مهار ترشح هورمونهای گاسترین، موتیلین، سکرتین،انسولین، کوله‌سیستوکینین، (VIP) و (GIP) خواهد شد.[۱] این هورمون موجب کندی حرکات روده میشود.
موارد مصرف
آکرومگالي، درمان علامتى سندرم کارسينوئيد (اسهال شديد و گرگرفتگي)، اسهال شديد ناشى از تومورهاى VIP ، شيم‌درماني، ايلنوستومي، ايدز.
میزان مصرف
بالغين: مقدار ۳۰۰ـ۲۰۰ mcg در ۲ دوز منقسم روزانه.
موارد منع مصرف: حساسيت به دارو.
عوارض جانبی
گوارشي: تهوع، استفراغ، نفخ شکم، هپاتيت.
دستگاه عصبي: سردرد، سرگيجه، احساس خستگي، ضعف، اضطراب، صرع.
قلبى ـ عروقي: آريتمي، هيپرتانسيون، ايسکمى عروقي، CHF.
ديگر موارد: افزايش فشار داخل چشمي، آسم، ژينکوماستي، گالاکتوره، عفونت، آنمي، ترومبوفلبيت.
مراقبت های لازم :
ـ اندازه‌گيرى هورمون رشد: در آکرومگالى قبل از شروع درمان و طى درمان در فواصل منظم.
ـ در سندرم کارسينوئيد: اندازه‌گيرى ۵HLAA, 5HT و ماده P.
ـ اندازه‌گيرى T4, TSH: و کنترل از نظر احتمال هيپوتيروئيدي.
ـ سطح سرمى کلسيم: از نظر احتمال هيپوو يا هيپرکلسمي.
ـ EKG: و مراقبت از نظر رويداد آريتمي.
References
- “Human PubMed Reference:”.
- Jump up^ “Mouse PubMed Reference:”.
- Jump up^ “somatostatin”. Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2016. Web. 04 mag. 2016 <http://www.britannica.com/science/somatostatin>.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Costoff A. “Sect. 5, Ch. 4: Structure, Synthesis, and Secretion of Somatostatin”. Endocrinology: The Endocrine Pancreas. Medical College of Georgia. p. ۱۶٫ Archived from the original on April 5, 2008. Retrieved 2008-02-19.
- Jump up^ somatostatin preproprotein [Homo sapiens] See Features
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Liu Y, Lu D, Zhang Y, Li S, Liu X, Lin H (2010). “The evolution of somatostatin in vertebrates”. Gene. 463 (1–۲): ۲۱–۲۸٫ PMID ۲۰۴۷۲۰۴۳. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2010.04.016.
- Jump up^ Gahete MD, Cordoba-Chacón J, Duran-Prado M, Malagón MM, Martinez-Fuentes AJ, Gracia-Navarro F, Luque RM, Castaño JP (2010). “Somatostatin and its receptors from fish to mammals”. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1200: 43–۵۲٫ PMID ۲۰۶۳۳۱۳۲. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05511.x.
- Jump up^ “Entrez Gene: Somatostatin”.
- Jump up^ Shen LP, Pictet RL, Rutter WJ (August 1982). “Human somatostatin I: sequence of the cDNA”. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 79 (15): 4575–۹٫ PMC ۳۴۶۷۱۷
. PMID ۶۱۲۶۸۷۵. doi:10.1073/pnas.79.15.4575. - Jump up^ Shen LP, Rutter WJ (April 1984). “Sequence of the human somatostatin I gene”. Science. 224 (4645): 168–۷۱٫ PMID ۶۱۴۲۵۳۱. doi:10.1126/science.6142531.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Boron, Walter F.; Boulpaep, Emile L. (2012). Medical Physiology, 2e Updated Edition, 2nd Edition (2nd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. ISBN ۹۷۸۱۴۳۷۷۱۷۵۳۲.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Bowen R (2002-12-14). “Somatostatin”. Biomedical Hypertextbooks. Colorado State University. Retrieved 2008-02-19.
- Jump up^ First Aid for the USMLE Step 1, 2010. Page 286.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Costoff A. “Sect. 5, Ch. 4: Structure, Synthesis, and Secretion of Somatostatin”. Endocrinology: The Endocrine Pancreas. Medical College of Georgia. p. ۱۷٫ Archived from the original on March 31, 2008. Retrieved 2008-02-19.
- Jump up^ Van der Meulen T, Donaldson CJ, Cáceres E, Hunter AE, Cowing-Zitron C, Pound LD, Adams MW, Zembrzycki A, Grove KL, Huising MO (2016-06-15). “Urocortin3 mediates somatostatin-dependent negative feedback control of insulin secretion”. Nature Medicine. 21: 769–۷۶٫
توجه
مقاله فوق تهیه و ترجمه شده از به روز ترین منابع علمی میباشد
در صورتی که به پاسخ سوال خود را در این مقاله دست نیافتید
میتوانید از طریق کامنت زیر پست سوال خود را برای ما مطرح کنید، در سریعترین زمان ممکن تیم بادی پرشیا پاسخ شما را بر اساس اخرین یافته های علمی قرار میدهد
Writing doctoral dissertation is a prerequisite before a PhD degree conferred to you. It usually entails conducting some form of research. Dissertation writing is therefore not among the simplest form of writing you will come across. Dissertation writing process will normally begin by selecting of a topic or a concept. The topic should be on a relevant field and that which would lead to development of new knowledge in the field. While selecting a topic for dissertation writing, ensures that your topic is simple, realistic and attainable. After you have decided on a topic, you need to embark on writing a dissertation proposal. A dissertation proposal is a detailed work plan that provides specific details on how your dissertation project will be conducted. The proposal should contain; an introduction of the topic, the problem statement of your dissertation, objectives, research questions and hypothesis of your study and research methods you plan on using. A proposal in dissertation writing should also contain a literature review. A literature review is a detailed analysis of what other authors have said about your topic of study. The dissertation proposal should also include a work schedule and a budget plan for your dissertation project. After writing your proposal the next step is the collection and analysis of data. There are many approaches for collecting and analyzing data and the choice of these will dependent on the study. Then next is the actual dissertation writing. Dissertation papers should contain all those details included in the proposals. It should also encompass chapters that present the results and finding of the study. Dissertation writing should follow specific structure and style of formatting. This again will vary depending on your study type, institution or field of study. This process of dissertation writing consumes a lot of time and requires a lot of expertise and experience. These sometimes present a challenge to many students when it comes to dissertation writing. We are now providing dissertation writing services. We are offering dissertation papers for a variety of academic fields including; history, sciences, business, psychology and literature among many others. We have highly experienced writers who are also experts in dissertation writing. These dissertation writers are all PhD graduates who have years of practice in writing and have never disappointed when it comes to writing dissertation papers. Our writers will ensure that all the standards for your dissertation writing are adhered to. Though some standard requirement will vary from one dissertation papers to the other, there are some dissertation writing standard requirements that apply to all dissertation papers. One of them is the use of correct language, sentences, spelling and punctuations. Errors committed in such areas my completely alter what you intended to communicate in your dissertations. Another requirement is that your dissertation papers should be original and plagiarism free. To ensure that our papers remain 100 percent original and non-plagiarized we have instructed our writers to always start the writing process from scratch. We also scan all our papers using plagiarism checking software before we hand them over to our client. When you purchase our dissertation writing services, you receive papers that are guaranteed to satisfy your individual needs. This is because all our dissertation papers are custom written which ensures that we are able to adhere to our customers’ concerns and focus in meeting their expectations. Our dissertation writing services are also available at affordable prices.
Writing a medical thesis or dissertation is a task done by almost all postgraduate and master’s medical students. Dissertation is derived from the Latin word disserto which means discuss. It is essential to write successful medical papers such as medicine essays and medical thesis papers. There are several reasons as to why students write medicine essays. One of the reasons is to promote enhancement of critical judgment, research skills as well as analytical skills. Moreover, medicine essay writing produce students with the ability to 4evaluate and analyze data critically.
The initial step for writing medicine essays is to choose a topic. A writer should have at least three topics to choose from. The topic has to be interesting, feasible and relevant. It is essential to write quality medicine essay. Hence, students need to have analytical skills and perfect writing skills. The writing skills will enable them write outstanding essay papers that can be highly regarded by instructors and professors. Teachers often require a lot and expect a lot from their students in terms of medicine essay writing. for this reason, students find essay writing to be an extremely difficult task and hence resort to buying custom medicine essays.
A custom medicine essay has to be written by professional writers who are qualified in the field of nursing. Moreover, the custom medicine essay has to be original and plagiarism free. This means that it has to be written from scratch by experts with many years experience. The many years experience should enable a writer to write any form of medical paper including medical thesis, medicine essay and even medicine research paper. Moreover, experience will enable a writer to write a medicine essay that can guarantee academic success.
Students get custom medicine essays from custom writing company. It is essential to choose the best company so that one can get the best custom medicine essay. The best and the most reliable medicine essay writing company should have some unique characteristics such as affordability and the ability to provide original and superior quality medicine essays. The other quality is that the company has to hire expert writers who can write quality medicine essays and other types of medical papers. The essays should not only be quality but also plagiarism free and free of grammatical and spelling mistakes.
A custom medicine essay has a similar structure to any other academic essay assignment. It has an introduction that introduces the topic and tells the reader what the essay is all about. The second section is the body that has many paragraphs supporting the main topic. Finally there is the conclusion that briefly summarizes what has been discussed in the body section of the essay. Students should choose reliable writing companies so that they can get quality custom papers on several fields such as technology, sociology and law in addition to medicine field.
Our custom writing company is the best company that all clients should rely on when in need of any given type of medicine paper. We provide quality papers that not only plagiarism free but also original. Moreover, our custom papers are affordable and able to guarantee academic excellence at all times. All our medical papers are reliable and sure of satisfying clients at all times.
I and my friends have been studying the good tricks on your site and then unexpectedly got a terrible suspicion I had not thanked you for those techniques. Most of the people are already as a result thrilled to read through them and have in effect extremely been making the most of these things. Appreciate your indeed being indeed kind and also for figuring out this kind of marvelous tips most people are really eager to know about. Our sincere regret for not saying thanks to sooner.
I wish to express some appreciation to you just for rescuing me from this trouble. As a result of surfing throughout the world-wide-web and coming across recommendations which were not beneficial, I assumed my life was gone. Being alive devoid of the solutions to the difficulties you’ve resolved as a result of this blog post is a critical case, as well as ones that could have adversely affected my entire career if I hadn’t discovered your blog post. Your own personal natural talent and kindness in maneuvering all the details was excellent. I’m not sure what I would’ve done if I hadn’t come across such a solution like this. It’s possible to now relish my future. Thanks a lot very much for the reliable and sensible guide. I won’t be reluctant to refer the blog to any person who wants and needs recommendations about this situation.
Thanks so much for providing individuals with such a breathtaking opportunity to read from this web site. It’s always so cool and jam-packed with amusement for me personally and my office co-workers to search your blog at the least three times weekly to learn the newest things you have got. And lastly, I’m just usually astounded for the striking techniques you give. Some two points in this article are undoubtedly the very best we’ve ever had.
I wanted to compose you a very little observation so as to thank you once again for the fantastic tactics you’ve contributed at this time. It is seriously generous of people like you to allow extensively exactly what numerous people could possibly have offered for sale for an electronic book to generate some cash on their own, particularly now that you might have tried it in case you decided. These good ideas as well worked to be a fantastic way to be certain that most people have the same dreams similar to my personal own to understand significantly more on the subject of this issue. Certainly there are numerous more pleasurable sessions ahead for individuals that start reading your blog.
I intended to draft you a little bit of word in order to say thank you once again for these great basics you have discussed in this article. It has been simply unbelievably generous with you to allow publicly what a few people could possibly have distributed for an e-book to help make some dough on their own, notably considering the fact that you could have done it in case you decided. These good tips additionally acted like the easy way to be aware that many people have the same fervor just as my own to find out much more around this issue. I am sure there are numerous more pleasurable moments ahead for individuals that read your website.
My spouse and i have been quite thankful Chris could finish up his reports through the ideas he made through your web site. It’s not at all simplistic to simply continually be offering tips which often people might have been trying to sell. And now we understand we have you to give thanks to for that. All of the illustrations you made, the easy website navigation, the friendships you make it easier to foster – it is many spectacular, and it is helping our son and the family recognize that that concept is fun, which is certainly seriously serious. Thank you for all!
Thanks a lot for providing individuals with an extremely spectacular chance to read from this website. It can be so great and also stuffed with a great time for me personally and my office colleagues to visit your blog really 3 times in a week to see the fresh guides you have. And of course, we are at all times fascinated with your surprising points you give. Certain two ideas in this post are particularly the most efficient we’ve ever had.
I not to mention my pals ended up following the best recommendations on your website and all of a sudden got a horrible feeling I never expressed respect to the website owner for them. My people became consequently passionate to read them and already have really been using these things. I appreciate you for simply being simply considerate and also for using this kind of excellent subjects most people are really desperate to discover. Our own honest apologies for not expressing gratitude to you sooner.
I together with my friends ended up looking at the great information from your web page and then the sudden got a horrible suspicion I had not thanked the web site owner for those strategies. These young boys happened to be so warmed to read them and now have absolutely been taking advantage of those things. Appreciate your being very thoughtful as well as for deciding upon this form of really good themes most people are really needing to discover. My personal honest regret for not saying thanks to sooner.
I wish to point out my appreciation for your kind-heartedness giving support to men and women that should have assistance with this important idea. Your special commitment to passing the solution around came to be rather advantageous and has always permitted folks much like me to realize their dreams. Your entire invaluable guideline indicates so much a person like me and further more to my fellow workers. Thank you; from each one of us.
Needed to compose you a little observation to help thank you once again with your wonderful pointers you’ve contributed in this case. It was so extremely open-handed with people like you to present without restraint what many of us might have distributed as an electronic book to end up making some dough for their own end, most importantly considering the fact that you might have tried it if you ever considered necessary. Those strategies also served like the good way to fully grasp that the rest have the same zeal like mine to understand more when considering this condition. Certainly there are numerous more fun periods in the future for those who read your blog.